急求英语高手帮忙翻译一段毕业论文（中译英），谢谢啦！_好搜问答
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急求英语高手帮忙翻译一段毕业论文（中译英），谢谢啦！
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1.1课题研究的目的与意义
通过对国内外立体交叉桥的查阅研究，并且根据淮海路运河桥现在的平面布置、地形及道路交叉情况，进行认真调查、分析、比较，选择适宜的互通式立体交叉桥型；进行工程可行性论证，并考虑二十年后的远景交通量，经过比较，确定最佳的桥型。所设计的立体交叉桥型能够解决该交叉口的交通拥堵、交通延误等现象，消除交叉口处的冲突点，从而显著提高行车速度，增大通行能力，保证交通安全，改善交通环境，提高社会经济效益。因此，该桥的设计与建设对淮安市的城市交通发展具有重要的意义。
1.2立体交叉产生发展状况
1.2.1立交的产生
（1）平面交叉的特征
道路平面交叉是两条或多条道路在同一平面上相交或连接的方式，其特征主要体现在以下几个方面:
存在危险点、交通复杂、存在公共面
（2）改善平面交叉途径
1）从时间上考虑：相交的各条交通流线，从时间上进行分离，即通过警察或信号灯进行控制。
2）实施交通组织：在交叉口处设置各种交通设施或通过划线、设置交通标志等进行交通渠化和交通组织，使交通流线在平面上各行其道，实行分离。
3）修建立体交叉：通过建造跨线构造物，使相交主线的交通流在空间上分离，从根本上分离交通流线之间的相互干扰同时通过修建匝道将主线之间的交通流线连接起来，实现车流之间的转换。
1.2.2立交的产生
立交的产生和发展始终伴随着汽车交通和城市的发展而发展。随着城市化发展，交
通量迅速发展，汽车拥有量的迅速增长，使原有道路的通行能力已经不能满足日益增长的车辆需要。同时，行人、非机动车辆与汽车之间争道现象日益严重，采用信号控制和平面处理等交通组织措施，已远远不能从根本上解决城市交通存在的种种问题。在这一背景下立体交叉首先在城市应运而生，并迅速成为各国解决城市交通拥挤问题的一剂良药而广为采用。
1.2.3立体交叉口的发展
随着高等级公路的出现，干线公路的发展，为提高车辆行驶速度，迫切需要提高道路的通行能力；同时，对确保行车安全也具有特别重要的意义，所有这一切为立体交叉的迅速发展提供了前提。
公路立交于1925年出现于德国。在此之后，立交发展最快、应用最广的是美国。德国二战前后也修建了大量、等级较高的立体交叉。另外，随着经济和交通的快速发展高速公路的大量兴建，战后的日本也建造了许多功能较好、经济实用的互通式立体交叉，并且为立交形式的多样化设计提供了不少经验，在立交设计标准和设计规范方面作出了可借鉴的成果。到目前，各国陆续修建了大量的立体交叉，并逐步地形成了不同的特色风格。
随着我国城市道路和高等级公路的建设和发展，互通式立交的建设方兴未艾。在城市和高等级公路上已经修建了大量的立交。据不完全统计，仅我国的北京市，城去区已建成了100多座立交，有些立交无论规模、造型还是设计和施工水平、绿化美化等方面都堪称惊世之作，集中体现了我国互通式立交设计的特设和创新。
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1.1 The purpose of the research and significance of
Through the interchange bridge at home and abroad access to research, Huaihai Road and the Canal Bridge, according to the present layout, topography and road cross-situation, carry out a serious investigation, analysis, comparison, selection of appropriate interchang carrying out of project feasibility demonstration, and to consider the vision of two decades the volume of traffic, after comparison, to determine the optimum type of bridge. Designed to be able to interchange bridge-type solution to the intersection of traffic jams, traffic delays and eliminating conflicts Department intersection points, thereby significantly improve the traffic speed and increase the traffic capacity, and ensure traffic safety, improve traffic environment, improve society economic benefits. Therefore, the bridge design and construction of Huaian city transport development is of great significance.
1.2 generate the development of interchange
1.2.1 Interchange of produce
(1) the characteristics of cross-plane
Planar cross-road are two or more roads intersect in the same plane or connections, and its characteristics are mainly embodied in the following areas:
There is a danger point, the traffic complexity of public existence Noodles
(2) ways to improve the cross-plane
1) From time to consider: the intersection of the various traffic flow line, from the time of separation, that is, through the police or control signal.
2) Implementation of Traffic Organization: Department set up at intersections all kinds of transport facilities or through the line, the installation of traffic signs and other traffic Drainage and Traffic Organization, so that traffic flow in the plane lines各行其道, the implementation of the separation.
3) construction of the interchange: By the construction of cross-line structure, so that intersection of the main line of traffic flow in space separated from the fundamental line of separation between the traffic flow at the same time interfere with each other through the construction of the ramp to the main line of traffic flow between the line connecting , realize the conversion between the flow of traffic.
1.2.2 Interchange of produce
The emergence and development of interchange has always been associated with motor vehicle traffic and the development of cities. With urbanization, development, delivery
Just sub 20:22:13
Flux of the rapid development of car ownership is the rapid growth of the original traffic capacity of roads should not have been required to meet the growing traffic. At the same time, pedestrians, non-motorized vehicles and motor vehicle for Road between the phenomenon is becoming increasingly serious, the use of signal control and the plane deal with organizational measures such as traffic has been far from a fundamental solution to urban traffic problems exist. In this context interchange first came into being in the city, and quickly become the problems of urban traffic congestion problem of a medicine which is widely used.
1.2.3 the development of interchange I
With the emergence of high-grade highways, trunk roads of development, and improve the speed of vehicles, there is an urgent need to i At the same time, to ensure road safety is also of particular significance, all of which for the rapid development of the provision of interchange the premise.
Highway Interchange in 1925, appeared in Germany. After this, interchange the fastest growing, most widely is the United States. Before and after World War II, Germany also built a substantial, high grade grade separation. In addition, as the economy and the rapid development of highway transport of substantial construction, the post-war Japan has also built a lot of functionality is better, economical and practical interchange interchange, and the diversification of forms of interchange design has provided a lot of experience, Interchange at design standards and design specifications can be made from results. Up to now, countries have built a lot of interchange, and gradually formed a style different characteristics.
As China's urban road and highway construction and development, the construction of interchange ascendant. In urban and high-grade highways have been built a lot of interchange. According to incomplete statistics, China's Beijing alone, the Board go zones have been completed more than 100 Interchange, some interchange regardless of size, shape or design and construction standards, greening and beautifying the areas can be termedembodied in our country interchange of the ad hoc design and innovation. 用微信扫描二维码分享至好友和朋友圈分享到：
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第9天生活就像海洋，只有意志坚强的人才能达到生命的彼岸。知道了请教高手帮忙翻译以下 汽车英语汽车设计的外文文献 哪位好心人给翻译下啊:The drive axle assembly of a RWD vehicle is mounted at the rear of the car. Most of these assemblies use a single housing to mount the differential _百度作业帮
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请教高手帮忙翻译以下 汽车英语汽车设计的外文文献 哪位好心人给翻译下啊:The drive axle assembly of a RWD vehicle is mounted at the rear of the car. Most of these assemblies use a single housing to mount the differential
请教高手帮忙翻译以下 汽车英语汽车设计的外文文献 哪位好心人给翻译下啊:The drive axle assembly of a RWD vehicle is mounted at the rear of the car. Most of these assemblies use a single housing to mount the differential gears and axles. The entire housing is part of the suspension and helps to locate the rear wheels.
Another type of rear drive axle is used with IRS. With IRS the differential is bolted to the chassis and does not move with the suspension. The axles are connected to the differential and drive wheel CV or U-joints. Because the axles move with the suspension and the differential is bolted to the chassis, a common housing for these parts is impossible.
On most RWD cars, the final drive is located in the rear axle housing. On most FWD cars, the final drive is located within the transaxle. Some current FWD cars mount the engine and transaxle longitudinally. These configurations use a differential that is similar to other FWD models. Some FWD cars have a longitudinally mounted engine fitted to a special transmission with a separate differential mounted to it.
A differential is needed between any two drive wheels, whether in a RWD, FWD, or 4WD vehicle. The two drive wheels must turn at different speeds when the vehicle is in a turn. The differential is a geared mechanism located between the two driving axles. It rotates the driving axles at different speeds when the vehicle is turning a corner. It also allows both axles to turn at the same speed when the vehicle is moving straight. The drive axle assembly directs driveline torque to the vehicle’s drive wheels. The gear ratio of the differential’s ring and pinion gear is used to increase torque, which improves drive ability. The differential serves to establish a state of balance between the forces or torques between the drive wheels and allows the drive wheels to turn at different speeds when the vehicle changes direction.我还有这样长度的2篇 肯帮忙的麻烦了 谢谢.加我QQ也行 谢谢
后轮驱动的汽车顾名思义其驱动机构位于汽车后部，大部分这种驱动总成使用一个壳体来安装差速器和车轴。整个总成与悬架形成一体便于后轮定位。另一种后驱的车辆使用了独立后悬挂（Independent Rear Suspension），使用IRS的车辆其差速器安装在底盘上并不与悬架一起运动。车轴通过球笼（等速万向节constant velocity joint）或万向节与变速器和驱动轮相连接。因为车轴与悬挂一起运动，而差速器固定在底盘上，用壳体来连接这些部件是不可能的在大部分的后驱车辆上，最终驱动机构都是安装在后轴壳体的。而在大部分前驱的车上，最终驱动机构与驱动桥装在了一起。现在还有些前驱车辆将发动机和驱动桥纵向布置。这些结构使用了与其他前驱车型相同的差速器。而还有一些前驱车辆将引擎纵向布置然后和一个安装有独立差速器的变速器装在一起。不管在后驱，前驱还是四轮驱动的车辆上，两驱动轮之间的差速器始终是必需的。因为车辆转弯的时候两驱动轮需要不同的速度！差速器是一个处在两驱动轮之间的连接机构。它使得驱动轴能在转弯的时候以不同速度运转。当然在直线行驶时它会使两边的驱动轴以同一速度运转。驱动轴将动力传动系统的扭矩传递到车辆的驱动轮。差速器锥齿轮与小齿轮之间的齿轮数比就是用来增扭改善行驶性能的。差速器就是用来建立两侧驱动轮之间的扭力或扭矩的平衡并且当车辆转向的时候允许两侧驱动轮以不同速度转动。....◇本站云标签
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some affecting factors were definite,such as population density,knowledge base.(4)The factors affecting bank efficiencyBerger and Mester（1997）found in their research that bank efficiency was affected by many factors,the result was different in case of not t**ing environment variables into account or t**ing it.In former case,the interaction of which is strong, technology system,combined business had a lower cost than single business-----there was business scale efficiency in banking,in terms of the efficiency&#39, management system and value system,which reflects on four aspects（1）The characteristics of the core competitiveness of enterprisesBanks are special enterprises.(2)The relationship between bank size and competitivenessAlhadeff（1954） analyzed the Related data of the cost and pro**ce of Clifornia from 1938 to 1950.The result showed that with the premise of concerning and sharing information resources business.K;s ineracting di investment and learning beh**iors.However.Beston（1965.They think that the accumulation process of core competitiveness of enterprises is accompanied by the development process of core pro**cts and technt affected by the diversity of pro**cts.The example analyses of Berger&Humhrey（1994）showed that the scale efficiency was very **all in banking,commercial banks should change their own structures in time to adapt the change of environmental factors,the sample choosing,if other restrict condition didn&#......余下全文>>
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Powered by（200分）请高手帮忙提供一篇汽车内容的外文翻译（3000字）?有原文和译文 3000字左右 谢谢! 关于外文就是外国的文献.急,拜托各位了!_百度作业帮
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（200分）请高手帮忙提供一篇汽车内容的外文翻译（3000字）?有原文和译文 3000字左右 谢谢! 关于外文就是外国的文献.急,拜托各位了!
（200分）请高手帮忙提供一篇汽车内容的外文翻译（3000字）?有原文和译文 3000字左右 谢谢! 关于外文就是外国的文献.急,拜托各位了!
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Touring vehicles,the revised Variable Cylinder Management™ (VCM&) engine increases the cruising range.High-Tech SafetyOdyssey puts a priority on safety with features like Vehicle Stability Assist™ (VSA&) with traction control and a Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) on all vehicles.Michelin& PAX& SystemAnd with the ingenious Michelin& PAX& System run-flat technology available on Touring vehicles,you can travel on a punctured tire at 50 mph for up to 125 miles.Performance Features 241-hp,3.5-Liter,24-Valve SOHC i-VTEC& V-6 Engine (EX-L,Touring) 244-hp,3.5-Liter,24-Valve SOHC VTEC& V-6 Engine (LX,EX) Drive-by-Wire™ Throttle System Variable Cylinder Management™ (VCM&) (EX-L,Touring) Vehicle Stability Assist™ (VSA&) with Traction Control Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Michelin& PAX& System Run-Flat Technology The Odyssey is a showcase of advanced safety features that help protect you and your precious cargo.5-StarsThe Honda Odyssey is the embodiment of peace of mind.An array of standard safety features stands ready on all trims to help protect you and your family wherever you roam.In fact,the Odyssey earned a 5-star rating in frontal- and side-impact tests from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).*Active Safety FeaturesStandard active safety features include the anti-lock braking system (ABS) with Brake Assist,which helps the driver retain steering control when braking hard,and Vehicle Stability Assist™ (VSA&) with traction control,which helps to detect and correct oversteer and understeer.Peace of MindWhile sharing the road with many other drivers,sometimes a collision just cannot be avoided.So certain standard safety features in the Odyssey can help provide superior defense.Our Advanced Compatibility Engineering™ (ACE™) body structure is designed to absorb impacts of vehicles of various sizes in the event of front-end collisions.And front 3-point seat belts with automatic tensioning devices,front side airbags and side-impact door beams all help to protect you and your passengers in sufficient impacts.
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