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《建造合同准则》的研究与应用
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内容提示:《建造合同准则》的研究与应用,建造合同准则,会计准则 建造合同,建造合同,建造合同会计处理,什么是建造合同,建造合同的特点包括,什么是建造合同收入,建造合同收入,房屋建造合同
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授予学位:硕士
学位年度:2009
摘要:(该内容经过伪原创处理,请直接查看目录)在迷信成长的汗青中,作为论述微不雅客体性质的实际,量子力学或许是最胜利的实际。关于弗成见的微不雅客体,物理学家们做了年夜量盘算并设计了诸多的试验,乃至发明了新的技巧,施展人类的想象力界说量子世界的性质和行动。量子力学的重要概念与直觉没有直接接洽,促令人们寻觅对量子实际的深层懂得。量子世界独特的现实,可以从正统和非正统的量子力学说明中进一步融会。迷信范式是多身分、多条理内容组成的全体,是由实际常识、哲学崇奉、价值尺度、研讨办法和试验仪器所组成的没法分化的混杂体。量子力学说明是量子实际弗成朋分的部门,可以为是对实际的弥补与扩大,属于哲学领域。量子实际描写的迷信图景笼统得难以懂得,为懂得决量子实际所发生的哲学成绩及迷信疑问,二十世纪二十年月阁下玻尔、薛定谔、海森堡等著名物理学家常常集合在哥本哈根评论辩论新的迷信不雅念,并杀青了较分歧的有关量子力学的说明,后来称为哥本哈根说明。他们的说明具体地解释了量子物理的道理和量子物理对其实的说明,凸显出了量子实际不只是迷信实际,照样一种具有极新哲学意义的实际。哥本哈根说明包含不肯定性道理、玻尔对应道理、玻恩对波函数的几率说明和玻尔对原子景象的互补性道理。哥本哈根说明虽是正统的说明,有其说明的公道的地方,但也有使人置疑的方面,这也是其它非正统说明存在的缘由。哥本哈根说明遭到实证主义者、对象主义者、操作主义的影响,激发其实论与非其实论之争和逻辑学的反动,招致了熟悉世界方法的变更一从潜伏到实际的熟悉世界方法的转变。量子力学说明须要描写微不雅客体能否知足某种肯定属性的特色,为懂得释这些属性,系综说明、玻姆说明、多世界说明、模态说明、退相关说明与正统的哥本哈根说明有着语义上的差别,它们在量子实际能否是决议性、波函数能否真实、波函数能否塌缩、能否认可隐变量、能否认可不雅察者的感化等几个方面各不雷同。进而发生了对微不雅世界考核的分歧意见。对其实性、完整性、定域性、决议性给出了各自的解释。不管是哪一种属性,各类分歧的说明就是能明白解释量子力学的数学情势的语义。量子物理转变了迷信家对待世界的方法,是从复原到全体、从一元办法论到多元办法论、从常识先验论到常识发明论的本体论、办法论和熟悉论的变更。哥本哈根说明、系综说明、玻姆说明、多世界说明、模态说明、退相关说明等各类量子力学说明都是试图在语义上、逻辑上廓清量子力学。量子力学说明系统非常宏大,而且相干的情势表述异常庞杂,哲学理念差别显著。正统说明与非正统说明都有被人们观赏的长处和公道成份,但同时也有逻辑推理与哲学理念的不调和的地方。每种说明的说明力与附加性请求不尽分歧,从说明力强弱与附加性请求的若干两个方面临六种量子力学说明作比拟,追求说明力强弱与附加性请求若干之间的张力,作为所支撑的多元量子力学说明的充足来由。在追求附加性请求与说明力之间的张力中,本文熟悉到统一学科的分歧熟悉论范畴可以同时并存两种,乃至两种以上的主导迷信作风场的全体多元主义的立场。
Abstract:In the scientific development history, as discussed in the micro actual object properties, quantum mechanics is perhaps the most successful practice. A sightless micro object, physicists have done a large amount of calculation and a lot of experimental design, Nai Zhi invented the new techniques, properties and action of imagination of the human world to display their definition of quantum. The important concepts and intuition of quantum mechanics without direct contact, encourage seek deep on the quantum actual know. The quantum world unique reality, from the orthodox and unorthodox quantum mechanical description of further integration. Superstition paradigm is much element, the multi-level content of all, is a hybrid body composed of theoretical knowledge, philosophical beliefs, measure of value, research methods and test instruments can't differentiation. Quantum mechanical description of quantum reality is indivisible department, can make up for the actual and expand, belonging to the field of philosophy. The actual description of the general picture of quantum superstition may be difficult to understand, in order to solve quantum what actually happened and the philosophy of science achievement doubt, twentieth Century twenty years Sir Bohr, Schrodinger, Heisenberg and other famous physicists often gathered in the Copenhagen review debate new scientific concept, and finished the explanation on quantum mechanics is different, later called for the Copenhagen show. They specify the interpretation of quantum physics and quantum physics to the truth in fact description, highlighting quantum actual not just superstition still has very practical, a new philosophical practice. Copenhagen description contains uncertainty principle, Bohr principle, corresponding to the wave function description of Born and Bohr chance on atomic scene complementary principle. Copenhagen shows that although orthodox explanation, that justice has its place, but also make people doubt, this also is the reason of the existence of other unorthodox explanation. Copenhagen shows the influence by positivist, object principle, operation ism, stimulate actually theory and non realism debate and logic reactionary, incurred the world change familiar method change from latent to familiar with the method of the actual world. Quantum mechanics to illustrate the need to describe the micro object can satisfy a certain property characteristics, in order to know how to release these attributes, ensemble description, explanation, the rest of the world that Bohm, modal description, return instructions and Orthodox Copenhagen shows the semantic differences, they can be in the actual resolution, quantum wave function can true, the wave function collapse, whether can recognize hidden variables, can a few recognized observer effect etc. each are not identical. Then it happened on the micro world appraisal differences of opinion. In fact, for completeness, locality, give their own interpretation of the resolution. No matter what kind of attributes, semantic different description is to understand mathematical interpretation of the situation of quantum mechanics. Quantum physics change scientists towards world, from recovery to all, from a meta methodology to multivariate methodology, from knowledge to knowledge invention prior theory of ontology, methodology and epistemology change. Description Copenhagen description, ensemble description, explanation, description, Bohm world modal description, retreat description all kinds of quantum mechanics are trying to semantic and logical clearance of quantum mechanics. The quantum mechanical description of system is very ambitious and coherent situation very complicated philosophy expression, the difference was significant. The orthodox and unorthodox that instructions are strengths of people to watch and the reasonable ingredient, disharmonious place but also the philosophy and logical reasoning. Each indicate that the force and additional request is not consistent, from that force and additional request some two aspects of six kinds of quantum mechanics as compared to the pursuit of that force and additional request some tension between multiple quantum mechanics as supported by sufficient reason Ming said. In the pursuit of additional request and explain the force between Zhang Lizhong, the familiar to the unified subject differences epistemological category can coexist at the same time two, all the pluralism and more than two kinds of dominant superstition style field position. ...
目录:摘要4-6Abstract6-7引言10-20&&&&一、选题意义及目的10-12&&&&二、研究背景及国内外研究状况12-16&&&&三、研究方法16-17&&&&四、论文的基本框架17-201 理论与解释20-36&&&&1.1 量子力学需要解释吗?20-26&&&&1.2 量子力学的数学形式与物理概念26-33&&&&1.3 经典物理学原则33-362 正统解释——哥本哈根解释36-62&&&&2.1 不确定性原理、对应原理、互补性原理36-42&&&&2.2 波函数与量子测量42-46&&&&2.3 互补性与玻恩统计解释46-47&&&&2.4 正统地位的置疑47-50&&&&2.5 哥本哈根解释的影响50-62&&&&&&&&2.5.1 对科学哲学的影响——实在还是反实在?50-55&&&&&&&&2.5.2 对逻辑学的影晌55-58&&&&&&&&2.5.3 世界观的影响——从"潜在"到"实际"的世界58-623 系综解释62-74&&&&3.1 系综解释的分类62-65&&&&3.2 爱因斯坦的系综解释65-66&&&&3.3 最低限度的系综解释66-68&&&&3.4 与正统解释的比较68-744 玻姆解释74-85&&&&4.1 玻姆对哥本哈根解释的批判74-76&&&&4.2 玻姆的量子力学本体论解释76-80&&&&4.3 与正统解释的比较80-855 多世界解释85-98&&&&5.1 多世界与波函数的塌缩85-89&&&&5.2 对多界解释的评价89-93&&&&5.3 与正统解释的比较93-986 模态解释98-107&&&&6.1 建构经验论——范·弗拉森的模态解释98-100&&&&6.2 模态解释的发展100-105&&&&6.3 与正统解释的比较105-1077 退相干解释107-115&&&&7.1 退相干解释的发展与特点107-110&&&&7.2 对退相干解释的评价110-112&&&&7.3 与正统解释的比较112-1158 多元的量子力学解释及比较115-137&&&&8.1 从实验感知到多元解释115-119&&&&8.2 量子力学解释的意义与价值119-126&&&&8.3 寻求解释力与附加性要求之间的比较126-131&&&&8.4 量子力学解释——多元的视角131-137致谢137-138参考文献138-146附录:攻读博士学位期间发表的文章146
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