什么是terminal and instrumental versionalues

来源：蜘蛛抓取(WebSpider) 时间：2015-02-02 10:36 标签： 夏影instrumental
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The Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) is a classification system of . Developed by social psychologist , the system consists of two sets of values, 18 individual value items in each. One set is called terminal values the other instrumental values.
RVS is based on a 1968 volume (Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values) which presented the philosophical basis for the association of fundamental values with beliefs and attitudes. His value system was instrumentalised into the Rokeach Value Survey in his 1973 book The Nature of Human Values.[1]
Terminal Values refer to desirable end-states of existence. These are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime. These values vary among different groups of people in different cultures.
The terminal values in RVS are:
True Friendship
Mature Love
Self-Respect
Inner Harmony
Social Recognition
Family Security
National Security
A Sense of Accomplishment
A World of Beauty
A World at Peace
A Comfortable Life
An Exciting Life
Instrumental Values refer to preferable modes of behavior. These are preferable modes of behavior, or means of achieving the terminal values.
The Instrumental Values are:
Cheerfulness
Cleanliness
Self-Control
Capability
Politeness
Imagination
Independence
Broad-Mindedness
Helpfulness
Responsibility
Forgiveness
The task for participants in the survey is to arrange the 18 terminal values, followed by the 18 instrumental values, into an order "of importance to YOU, as guiding principles in YOUR life" (Rokeach, 1973, p. 27). The Rokeach Value Survey has been extensively used in empirical work by psychologists, sociologists and marketers. There have been a number of attempts to reduce the 18 instrumental values and 18 terminal values into a set of underlying factors (see for example Feather and Peay, 1975; Johnston, 1995) but without consistent success.[3]
Feather, N. T., & Peay, E. R. (1975). The structure of terminal and instrumental values: Dimensions and clusters. Australian Journal of Psychology, 27(2), 151-164
Rokeach, M. (1979). Some unresolved issues in theories of beliefs, attitudes and values. In H. E. Howe, Jr., & M. M. Page (Eds.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 27). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Rokeach, M. (1973). The Nature of Human Values. New York: The Free Press.
Rokeach, M. (1968). Beliefs, attitudes, and values: A theory of organization and change. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Johnston, Charles S. (1995). The Rokeach Value Survey: Underlying structure and multidimensional scaling. Journal of Psychology, 129(5), 583-597.
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