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& , , Inc. or its affiliates新视野大学英语读写教程第二册unit10-a Reports on Britain Under the Bombs
http://image.tingclass.net/statics/js/2012
Pre-reading Activities
First Listening
Please listen to a short passage carefully and prepare to answer some questions.
Second Listening
Listen to the tape again. Then answer the following questions with your own experiences.
1) Why was the Nazi air force repeatedly bombing London?
2) Discuss some ways the people of England coped with the suffering of this time.
3) Do you think the English people considered giving up? Why didn't they?
Reports on Britain Under the Bombs
Night after night, in the hot summer and early fall of 1940, a deep, steady voice came over the Atlantic Ocean from England to America, telling of England's battle for survival under the waves of German bombers. This strong and steady voice, an American voice with a slight accent of North Carolina, belonged to Edward R. Murrow, head of the European staff of the Columbia Broadcasting System.
&This is London,& said Murrow, while the bombs fell and flames spread on the streets of the city. His voice had a tone of sorrow for the suffering of that ancient city, and a tone of confidence, too & a feeling of belief that London would be there, no matter what it had to endure. It could not be destroyed.
The heavy raids began in the middle of August, and Nazi bombs started to fall along England's Channel Coast. The German bombers cast dark shadows over the white cliffs of Dover, and England's Home Guard prepared to fight on the beaches, on the cliffs, and in the hills, until the last Englishman died or the invaders were driven off.
Air Marshal Goering's bomber pilots were sure of their ultimate triumph over England. Hitler and Goering believed that when London became a burned city like Warsaw and Rotterdam, England would surrender.
But the English were more fortunate than the Poles in Warsaw and the Dutch in Rotterdam. They had the English Channel as a barrier against the Nazi ground forces, and they had the Royal Air Force (RAF) to battle the Nazis in the sky.
The hardships of London really started in the first week of September, when Hitler was at last convinced that the English did not intend to give in. On September 7, 1940, nearly four hundred German bombers hammered the city with bombs in broad daylight. Marshal Goering boasted, &This is the historic hour when our air force for the first time delivered its bombs right into the enemy's heart.&
Fires burned, houses fell, gas pipes burst, and dark smoke rose from the streets. Men, women, and children felt the effect of the bombs. Radar sirens wailed, ambulances rushed from one place of agony to another, and fire fighters faced the flames hour after hour.
It seemed impossible for any city to take so much punishment and continue to endure. It seemed impossible for people of the city to do their daily jobs, to work and eat and sleep and carry on the business of life, with the crash of bombs all around them and planes spitting fire in the skies above.
But the city endured. Trains brought commuters in from the suburbs. Buses bumped along the streets. The fires were brought under control. Bottles of dairy milk arrived in door ways, and women took them in, as though the war were a thousand miles away. Newspapers appeared and people bought them, hurrying to work and reading reports of the battle raging over London.
And Edward R. Murrow went on the air, saying in his deep, steady voice, &This is London.& He spoke as though nothing could ever keep him from saying those words. He did not speak them with any attempt to sound heroic. He simply voiced the quiet truth of the city's existence.
Murrow knew that Britain's fate depended upon the resolution of the people in the shops and streets, the men in the pubs, the housewives, those watching for fire on the roofs, the people who had a thousand difficult and painful things to do.
Much depended upon the handful of pilots who rose day after day and night after night to meet the flocks of Nazi bombers. The pilots in the RAF reached the limits of exhaustion and then went beyond those limits, still fighting.
But the people of London were also in the front lines, and they did not have the satisfaction of being able to fight back. They couldn't reach up and smash the enemy planes. They had to dig quickly in cellars to rescue their friends who had been buried underneath the wreckage. They had to put out endless fires. They had to stand firm and take whatever the enemy threw at them.
In a broadcast on October 1, 1940, Murrow declared: &Mark it down that these people are both brave and patient, that all are equal under the bomb, that this is a war of speed and organization, and that whichever political system best provides for the defense and decency of the little man will win.&
Murrow's projection of eventual victory for the ordinary people proved to be accurate. The Nazi powers were finally defeated by the Allied nations.
Words: 769
n. [C] a weapon that explodes and is used to kill or hurt people or to damage buildings 炸弹，爆炸装置
vt. attack sb./sth. drop bombs on 轰炸，投弹
n. [C] an aircraft that drops bombs or a person who uses bombs 轰炸机，投弹手，投掷炸弹者
n. 1. [U] state of continu surviving 幸存，残存
2. [C] a person, thing, custom, belief, etc. that has survived from an earlier time 残存的人（物、风俗、信仰）
n. [C, U] burning gas (from sth. on fire) which usually produces a yellow light 火焰，火舌
n. 1. [U] feeling of sadness caused by loss, disappointment, regret, or grief 悲伤，悲哀，悔恨
2. [C] a particular cause of sorrow 悲伤的原因，不幸
a. 1. of or
having lasted for a very long time 古代的，古旧的
2. very old 老的
v. bear (pain, suffering, etc.) calmly for a long time 经受，忍受，容忍
n. 1. [C] a sudden surprise attack by armed forces 突袭，袭击
2. [C] a sudden surprise attack in order to steal or do harm （为偷袭或伤害别人而进行的）突袭，抢劫
vt. make a raid on 突袭，袭击
n. 1. [C] a part of river or other body of water which allows s a passage for water or other fluids to flow along 航道，海峡；沟渠
2. [C] (the shows broadcast on) a particular television station 电视频道
3. [C] a way of giving, directing or communicating sth. 途径，渠道
vt. 1. put, cause or direct (a look, thought, feeling or opinion) 投射（目光），将（思想、感情）加于
2. throw with force 投，掷，抛
n. 1. [C] all the actors in a play, etc. （戏剧等的）全体演员
2. [C] an act of throwing 投，掷，抛
n. [C] a high area of rock with a very steep side, often on a coast 悬崖，（尤指海边的）峭壁
v. 1. enter (a country or territory) with armed forces in order to attack, damage or occupy it 侵略，侵犯
2. enter (a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be) 闯入，侵扰
n. [C] a person or thing that invades 侵略者，侵犯者，入侵者
n. 1. [C] an officer of high rank 高级军官，元帅
2. [C] a chief officer of a police or fire-fighting force in some parts of the United States （美）警察局长，消防队长
v. 1. give up or give in to the power (esp. of an enemy), as a sign of defeat 投降，自首；屈服（于）
2. give sth. to sb. else because you have been forced to do so or because it is necessary to do so 交出，放弃
a. (in the service) of a king or queen 王室的，皇家的
v. hit or beat repeatedly 敲打，锤击
n. [C] 锤子，榔头
n. [U] (the period when there is) natural light from the sun 阳光，日光
a. famous or important in history 历史上有名的或重要的
n. [U] system which uses radio waves to find the position of objects which cann equipment used for this 雷达；雷达装置
n. [C] a device for making a loud warning noise 汽笛，警报器
v. make a long, high cry, usu. becaus make a sound similar to that of a person wailing 嚎啕；发出尖叫声
n. [U, C] (a state or feeling of) unbearable physical or mental pain or suffering 极大的痛苦
n. [C] (usu. sing.) (loud noise made by a) violent fall, blow or break 坠落（声），打击或破裂（所发的响声）
v. 1. make a sudden loud noise 发出巨响
2. (cause to) have an accident, esp. one which damages a vehicle （使）猛撞，（使）撞毁
v. send (liquid or sth. else) out from the mouth 吐（痰）；吐（口水等）
n. [U] 口水，唾液
vi. travel regularly a long distance between one's work and one's home, esp. by train 因上班而经常来往于两地，通勤
n. [C] the trip made in commuting 通勤来往，上下班路程
n. [C] a person who commutes 往返于两地的人
n. [C] an area on the edge of a large town or city where people who work in the town or city often live 近郊
v. 1. travel, usu. in a vehicle, in an uncomfortable way because the surface one is moving over is rough 颠簸而行
2. hit (sth.) with force, esp. accidentally 碰撞
n. [C] a blow, knock or hit 碰撞
n. [C] a place on a farm where milk and cream are kept and cheese a shop which supplies milk and milk products 牛奶场，乳品店
a. having the very brave 英雄的，英勇的
resolution
n. 1. [U] the quality of being firm 坚决，坚定，决心
2. [U] solution 解决，解答
n. [C] a public house, a building where alcohol may be bought and drunk 小酒店，酒吧
n. 1. [U] a small number (of people or things) 少数，少量
2. [C] an amount of sth. that can be held in one hand 一把
n. [C] a group of sheep, goats or birds, or a group of people 一群（绵羊、山羊、鸟或人）
vi. gather, move, come or go together in great numbers 群集，成群结队而行
vt. 1. make (a person or an animal) very tired 使疲惫不堪
2. use (sth.) up completely 用尽，耗尽
exhaustion
n. [U] total loss of strength 筋疲力尽，疲惫
v. 1. (cause sth. to) be broken violently into pieces 打碎，打破，粉碎
2. hit (sb./sth.) very hard 猛撞，猛击
n. 1. [C] an act or sound of smashing 撞击（声），猛撞（声）
2. [C] a very successful song, play or film, etc. 极为成功的歌曲、戏剧或电影等
n. [C] a room under the ground floor of a building, usu. used to keep items to be used later 地窖，地下室
vt. save or bring away sb./sth. from danger 救出，解救
n. [C, U] rescuing or being rescued 营救，解救
underneath
prep. under or below 在下面，在底下，向下面
ad. under or below 在下面，在底下，向下面
vt. destroy or ruin (sth.) 破坏或毁灭，使遇难，使失事
n. [C] a vehicle or ship that has been destroyed or badly damaged 受到严重破坏的车辆或船，残骸
n. [U] remains of sth. that has been wrecked 残骸，残余物，碎片
pron.1. any (one) of the set that 任何一个
2. no matter which 无论，不管
a. socially acceptable or good 适当的，得体的，正派的
n. [U] being decent 正派，合宜，体面，得体
PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS
night after night
every night 一夜又一夜地，连夜地
no matter what
whatever 不论什么
drive sb./sth. off
defeat or beat back (an enemy or an attack) 击退, 赶走
be sure of sth.
certain to receive, win, etc. sth. 确信会获得，赢得
in broad daylight
in the full light of day 大白天，光天化日之下
continue doing sth. 继续
bring under control
manage to control over 控制，使就范
bring in 把（某物）拿进来
on the air
broadcasting on radio or television 开始广播（或电视转播）
keep sb. from doing sth.
prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止
look attentively for sth. 留意，当心
cause sth. to stop burning 扑灭，熄灭
write down 记下来，写下来
PROPER NAMES
Edward R. Murrow
爱德华&R&默罗 （，美国广播记者，曾在伦敦主持哥伦比亚广播公司欧洲部工作）
Atlantic Ocean
North Carolina
北卡罗来纳州（美国州名）
哥伦比亚（广播公司）
多佛尔（海峡）（在英国与法国之间）
华沙（波兰首都）
鹿特丹（荷兰西南部港市）
RAF (Royal Air Force)
（英国）皇家空军
&&& 关于英国遭受轰炸的报道
&&&&&&&&&&
&&& 在1940年的炎夏和早秋的一个个夜晚，有一个深沉而平稳的声音飞越大西洋，从英国传到美国，讲述着英国在德国轰炸机轮番进攻下为生存而进行的战斗。 这个有力而平稳的声音，这个带着一点北卡罗来纳口音的美国音，出自爱德华& R& 默罗之口，他是哥伦比亚广播公司驻欧人员的负责人。
&&& 当炸弹纷纷落下、火焰在全城街道四处蔓延的时候，默罗在播音:&这是伦敦。& 他的声音里表达了一种为这个古老城市遭受的苦难而感到的悲痛，同时还传递着一种信心-- 一种相信无论要去忍受什么样的苦难伦敦也将巍然屹立的信念。 它是摧毁不了的。
&&& 猛烈的空袭是在8月中旬开始的，纳粹的炸弹开始落在英吉利海峡的海岸线上。 德国轰炸机在多佛尔海峡的白色峭壁上投下了黑色的阴影， 英国的民防军准备在海滩、悬崖和山区战斗，直到最后一个英国人战死, 或者侵略者被赶走为止。 空军元帅戈林手下的轰炸机飞行员们深信, 他们会最终战胜英国。 希特勒和戈林相信, 当伦敦像华沙和鹿特丹一样被烧得变成一座火城的时候，英国就会投降。
&&& 但是英国人要比华沙的波兰人和鹿特丹的荷兰人幸运。 他们有着英吉利海峡这道抵挡纳粹地面部队的天然屏障，还有皇家空军在空中与纳粹作战。
&&& 伦敦的苦难实际上开始于九月的第一个星期,那时希特勒最终确信英国人不打算投降。 日，近400架德国轰炸机在大白天用炸弹猛烈轰炸了这座城市。 戈林元帅曾吹嘘说：&这是我们空军第一次把炸弹直接投入敌人心脏的历史性时刻。&
&&& 大火在熊熊燃烧, 房屋在倒塌, 煤气管道在爆裂，街道上升起了浓浓的黑烟。 男人、女人和孩子都感到了炸弹的威力。 雷达警报器在尖叫, 救护车从一个充满痛苦的地方向另一个充满痛苦的地方飞速行驶, 而消防队员则每时每刻面对的是熊熊火焰。
&&& 在遭受如此重创后仍能继续坚持战斗，这对任何城市来说都似乎是不可能的。 炸弹在四周爆炸,飞机从空中向下扫射，市民们似乎不可能照常工作、上班、吃饭、睡觉、从事日常的事务。
&&& 但是这个城市挺住了。 火车把上班的人们从郊区送到城内。公共汽车在街上颠簸前进。大火已被控制。 一瓶瓶牛奶被送到一家家的门口，妇女们把它们取回家去，好像战争发生在千里之外似的。 报纸一出来，人们就去购买，一边匆匆忙忙地赶去上班, 一边阅读伦敦战况的报道。
&&& 爱德华&R&默罗用低沉而平稳的声音开始广播：&这是伦敦。& 他播音时的那语气，好像没有任何东西可以阻止他说出这几个字。 他说这几个字的时候，并不刻意显示出一种英雄气概。 他只是沉着地告诉人们一个事实: 这个城市依然存在。
&&& 默罗知道英国的命运取决于这些人的决心：商店里和马路上的人们、酒店里喝酒的男人们、家庭妇女们、那些在屋顶上监视着火情的人们、那些有无数困难而痛苦的事情要做的人们。
&&& 在很大程度上还要感谢那为数不多的日日夜夜驾机升空、迎击那一群群纳粹轰炸机的飞行员们。 这些皇家空军的飞行员已经到了疲劳的极限，却还在超越极限地继续战斗。
&&& 伦敦人民也站到了战斗前线，但是他们并不满足，因为他们不能直接投入到反击敌人的战斗中去。 他们无法飞上天空去击毁敌机。 他们必须在地下室里飞快地挖掘，以营救任何埋在残垣断壁下的朋友们； 他们必须扑灭没完没了的大火； 他们必须坚强起来，去承受敌人带给他们的任何灾难。
&&& 在日的广播中，默罗宣布：&请记住：这些人既勇敢又耐心；这些人在遭到轰炸时表现得同样出色；这场战争是速度和组织性的较量；能最好地保护平民百姓并保持其尊严的政治体制将赢得胜利。&
&&& 事实证明，默罗关于普通人民会取得最后胜利的预言无比正确。 那些纳粹强国最终还是被同盟国打败了。
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