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医学论文摘要翻译
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内容提示：如何准确翻译医学论文摘要。 本文主要介绍医学论文摘要的结构、写作技巧及需注意的问题，从而为广大医学研究者的英语论文摘要写作提供一点建议。而对于相关医学组织规定的写作规范，不做过多的论述。。论文摘要的格式。英语论文摘要主要分传统式摘要和结构式摘要两种，格式不若相同。传统式摘要对长度有严格的限制，一般要求在300个词以内。而结构式摘要包括目的(Objective)、方法(Methods)、结果(Results)、结论(Conclusion)四个部分，用词可以达到1000个以上。但由于结构性摘要非常方便计算机检索，90年代起被国内外的医学媒体广泛地采用。。a. 目的。目的，即学术论文摘要的开头部分。主要说明论文要探讨的问题或进行科研的理由，在英语上一般用一般过去式来表达。但近年也多见采用动词不定式来表达的方式，以达到简单明了的效果。请看下例：。0bjective：to study the clinical features of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension(PIH)．。目的：本文旨在探讨妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)的临床表现特点。。(此句实为The purpose of this article was to study the clinical features of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension(PIH的省略形式。) b. 方法。方法部分对所开展的实验或研究工作做简要的描述。包括材料、设备、研究对象、研究方法和研究
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下载文档:医学论文摘要翻译.DOC翻译论文摘要
翻译论文摘要 100
问题教学法是二十世纪六十年代中期前苏联教学论专家马赫穆托夫等人倡导的，是一种发展性的教学法。教师在教学过程中创设问题情景，以问题的发展、探索、解决以及知识的应用为主线，形成学生认识的独立性及其稳定性的学习动机，发展学生对掌握知识的研究探索和创新思维能力。
初中数学问题教学法是一个学生探究式学习的认知活动（根据情景不同，可个人探索也可小组合作探究）。让学生在教师提出适合的问题下，自己去发现科学结论。学生不仅可以掌握科学知识，更重要的是掌握这些知识的同时，形成认识的独立性和发展创新思维能力和逻辑思维能力。因此，在初中数学课堂教学中应用问题教学法，可以让学生学会独立思考和小组合作相结合，并能从多种角度发现问题，提出各自的想法，通过问题解决的方法培养学生掌握解决问题的思路和方法，最终学会运用数学知识，独立地探索新知。问题教学是培养学生的创新精神和实践能力，提高学生素质的重要教学方法。合理运用问题教学，有助于初中数学教学效率的提高和教学水平的进步。
基于此目的，本文在借鉴前人的基础上，对初中数学课堂中如何应用问题教学进行了较为深入透彻的研究。
本论文分三个部分。
首先，本文分析并阐述了探究应用问题教学法的必要性，以及问题教学法的演变史、定义、理论和实践模式。其次，通过对初中《数学课程标准》的解读和对目前初中数学教学现状的分析，细述了初中数学实施问题教学法的具体内涵、方案、程序和评价策略。最后，为了能更好地贯彻和实施问题教学法，本文对教师和学生在教学过程中应承担的职责和角色进行了分析、探讨，为问题教学法的开展奠定了基础。问题教学法是有理论基础和推广价值的。
补充：1楼翻译不够满意，期待更多朋友尝试。
不区分大小写匿名
The issue of teaching the mid-sixties of the twentieth century the teaching of the former Soviet Union and other experts advocated MAKESTE is a developmental approach.Teachers in the teaching process to create the problem scenarios, to the question of development, exploration and application of knowledge to solve, as well as the main line, the independence of students to understand the formation and stability of the learning motivation, the development of students to study and explore knowledge and innovative thinking ability .
Teaching middle school math problems a student is learning to explore the cognitive activities (based on different scenarios can also be personal exploration team to explore). Teachers to provide students with an appropriate question, to discover their own scientific conclusions.Students not only to acquire scientific knowledge and, more importantly, at the same time have the knowledge to create awareness of the independence and ability to develop innovative thinking and logical thinking ability. Thus, in junior high school mathematics classroom teaching the application of teaching methods, can allow students to learn to think independently and the combination group, and found the problem from various angles, to their thinking, problem-solving approach adopted by students master problem-solving ideas and methods, and ultimately learn to use mathematical knowledge to explore new knowledge independently.The issue of teaching is to train students in the innovative spirit and practical ability to improve the quality of students the importance of teaching methods. The issue of rational use of teaching middle school mathematics teaching contribute to efficiency and progress of the standard of teaching.
都还没翻译完呢?
请继续，谢谢！
For this purpose, learn from our predecessors in this article based on the junior high school mathematics classroom teaching how to use the issue to a more thorough study.
This paper is divided into three parts.
First of all, this article analyzed and described the application of teaching methods to explore the need, as well as the history of the issue of teaching evolution, definition, theory and practice mode.Secondly, through junior high school &mathematics curriculum standards& and the interpretation of the current status of junior high school mathematics teaching analysis, detailing the implementation of a junior high school mathematics teaching specific content, programs, procedures and evaluation strategies. Finally, in order to better follow-up and implementation of teaching methods, this paper, teachers and students in the teaching process should be the responsibilities and roles are analyzed, discussed the issue of the foundation. (未完,,待续,,,)
从翻译的情况来看，有很多语句是不通顺的。
The problem is a theoretical basis for teaching and promotion of value. (完成)
软件翻译的东西很难接受。
刚才不好意思吖,没认真翻译,,,看你那样急着要,好吧,,
现在给你翻译咯
感谢您的积极参与和帮助。
一段段来翻译:
Question teaching is the mid 1960s teaching theory in the former Soviet union experts Mach mourinho's advocacy of such person, is a developmental teaching method. Teachers in teaching process, to create problems of development and exploration, problem solving, and the application of knowledge, understanding the independence of the students' learning motivation and stability, development of the students' knowledge exploration and innovation ability of thinking.
第2段.Junior middle school mathematics teaching is a problem of inquisitive learning students according to the situation of different cognitive activities (personal exploration, but also can team probe). Let students in teachers for the problem, discover scientific conclusion. Students can master the scientific knowledge not only, more important is to master the knowledge, understanding of the formation and development of innovative thinking ability independence and logical thinking ability. Therefore, in the junior middle school mathematics classroom teaching method, can be applied problem let students learn independent thinking and team cooperation, and can combine from diverse perspectives, and puts forward the problems found by their thoughts and methods of solving problems students grasp the ideas and methods to solve the problem, and ultimately learn to use mathematical knowledge, independently explore new knowledge.
Question teaching is to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practice ability, improve the quality of the students is an important teaching method. Reasonable use, conduce to the junior middle school mathematics teaching, teaching and improving the efficiency of teaching level of progress.Based on this objective, in this paper, on the basis of predecessors' reference for junior middle school mathematics classroom teaching, how to use the problem further thorough research.
This paper three parts.Firstly, this paper analyzes and expounds the necessity of the application of teaching into question, and problems of the teaching method, the definition, an theory and practice mode. Secondly, based on the junior middle school mathematics curriculum standard &interpretation and the junior middle school mathematics teaching situation on the analysis, the implementation of the junior middle school mathematics teaching contents, problems and solutions, program evaluation strategies. Finally, in order to better implement and implementation method, this problem of teachers and students in the process of teaching should bear the responsibility and the role, this paper analyses the problems in teaching, to lay the foundation. Teaching is a problem of theoretical basis and popularization value.(完成...尽力了.只能这样了,,,)
问题教学法是二十世纪六十年代中期前苏联教学论专家等人倡导的，是一种发展性的教学法。The Problem Teaching Method advocated by 马赫穆托夫---a teaching theory expert from the former Soviet Union and other experts in the mid-sixties of the twentieth century
is a developmental one.
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